Endocrine Abstracts

A 21-year old woman was referred to endocrinology outpatient with sparse hair on scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, and body since birth, short stature, bone pains, proximal muscle weakness, and recurrent fractures of long bones. She was a product of second-degree consanguineous marriage and was eldest of two siblings. Her younger brother aged 16-years had similar complaints.Clinically she had alopecia universalis, short stature, hypotonia, proximal muscle weakne...

Autoimmune Hypothyroidism is a common clinical condition with a suggested prevalence of up to 12% of the population. The subsequent enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by circulating thyroid antibodies can cause neck discomfort warranting a referral to the thyroid ultrasound (USG) clinic. The USG characteristics of autoimmune hypothyroidism can be challenging to grade and the atypical appearances often makes it difficult to exclude a mitotic lesion. We have set forward few...

26year old Human rights activist being evaluated for left hip and thigh pain over the preceding 7 months, was referred to our services in November 2015 with headache, secondary amenorrhoea and raised prolactin levels. The headache which was mainly frontal started a few months ago and coincided with the amenorrhoea. She did not report visual disturbances or lactation. She also described the feeling of increased thirst and increased urinary frequency over this period. Apart from...

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is produced by the mature Leydig cells of the adult testes and secreted into the bloodstream in a constitutive manner, where it represents an important biomarker of Leydig cell functional capacity. It specifically activates the G-protein-coupled receptor, RXFP2, which is expressed on Leydig cells themselves, on male germ cells, and on bone cells, where INSL3 promotes healthy bone physiology. Unlike testosterone, INSL3 exhibits negligible within-i...

A 40-year-old female was referred for further management of thyrotoxicosis to GSTT. She worked as a nanny and had Graves’ thyrotoxicosis since October 2019. Her presenting symptoms were weight gain, hair loss, insomnia, and increasing anxiety. She had a large palpable goitre on examination with no eye disease. Ultrasound of the thyroid showed a diffusely enlarged thyroid with a normal echotexture, reflectivity and vascular flow. Benign subcentimeter nodules were seen in e...

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a peptide hormone secreted exclusively in boys and men by the mature Leydig cells of the testes. It acts through a unique G-protein-coupled receptor, called RXFP2. In the female INSL3 regulates ovarian antral follicle growth. Whereas INSL3 in the male foetus is responsible for the first phase of testicular descent, in the adult it appears to support spermatogenesis and bone health. Importantly, it is...

Introduction: Numerous thyroid function disturbances have been linked to the administration of growth hormone (GH) to GH-deficient patients. There have been reports of anything from increased energy expenditure and improved peripheral thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion to decreased thyrotropin (TSH) sensitivity to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation and induction of hypothyroidism.Objective: GH has an impact on thyroid structu...

A 35 years old male, automobile factory worker was brought to emergency room with suddden onset rapidly progressive flaccid quadriparesis of 12 hours duration. He was unable to stand or use his upper limbs. There was tingling in distal aspects of all four limbs. There was no loss of sensation, respiratory muscle, cranial nerve, or cerebellar involvement. He reported no other symptoms. There was no history of alcohol use, drug use, or exposure to sexually transmitted diseases. ...

Diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA] is known to be precipitated by number of clinical situations which lead to increased production of counter regulatory hormones Substance abuse has recently been highlighted as a risk factor in DKA. Cocaine has not received sufficient emphasis. We report a case of multiple admissions for DKA associated with cocaine use.A 23 year old male student was brought to emergency room for altered sensorium of ten hours duration. He was a...

A 34-year-old woman with seasonal allergic rhinitis was poorly controlled with fexofenadine. She began to use beclomethasone nasal inhaler, 42 ug of drug per nasal pump unit, 2 sprays in each nostril twice daily. There was no history of substance use or drug intake. Two months later she complained of easy fatiguability, and pain in her thighs and arms, on walking distances and climbing stairs which were easily tolerated earlier. There was no history of proximal muscle weakness...